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The Human Rights Council is the primary human rights body within the UN system and is made up of 47 States responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and making recommendations on them. It was established on March 15, 2006, by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/251. The Human Rights Council is the successor of the Commission on Human Rights and reports to the General Assembly.
Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007, "Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council", sets out the main mechanisms and subsidiary bodies of the Council. The text of Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 is found in its report to the General Assembly for its 5th session (A/62/53).
The Human Rights Council website sets out all the documentation and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, including Regular Sessions, Special Sessions and Special Procedures and includes annual reports, countries, issues, human rights bodies, and more.
The Human Rights Council Advisory Committee was established by Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007. The Advisory Committee is composed of 18 experts serving in their personal capacity and functions as a think-tank for the Council. The Advisory Committee supercedes the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.
The Committee focusses on themes, adopting recommendations to assist the work of the Council. Recommendations have included human rights education and training, gender mainstreaming, the right of peoples to peace and the right to food.
The Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights was established by the Commission on Human Rights under the authority of Economic and Social Council resolution 9 (II) of 21 June 1946. The work of the Subcommission is continued by the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee.The Subcommission met in annual sessions from 1947-2006. Prior to 19 June 2006, the Subcommission reported to the Commission on Human Rights; its final report was submitted to the Human Rights Council.
Special Procedures is a mechanism under the Human Rights Council that examines, monitors, advises and publicly reports on human rights situations in specific countries (country mandates), or on major phenomena of human rights violations worldwide (thematic mandates). Responsibility for a special procedures mechanism can fall to either an individual (Special Rapporteur) or to a working group. Use the resources below from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to search for reports of the Special Procedures
General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006, which established the Human Rights Council, mandates a universal periodic review of each state's fulfillment of its human rights obligations and commitments. Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007, “Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council,” sets out the main elements of the universal periodic review.
The Universal Periodic Review Working Group holds three sessions per year. At each session, sixteen countries are reviewed, resulting in a four year-cycle to complete review of all 192 member states of the UN.
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